B3U6 Text A with Translation

Sleeping Giant Awake and Flourishing

Andrew Moody

1  I recall having a discussion in the school library of my grammar school in the English North Midlands in the late 1970s with some fellow pupils about the rise of China. It was probably prompted by reading an article in The Economist after Deng Xiaoping had embarked on his reform and opening-up policy.

2  Could it be that this country of then about a billion people — the “slumbering giant” of Napoleon’s famous phrase — was to reawaken at last? At the same time, however, there was also a sense the world had waited so long for this re-emergence that it was never actually going to happen.

3  When reform and opening-up was launched at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in December 1978, the UK itself was in the midst of its so-called Winter of Discontent when the whole country seemingly was on strike, including gravediggers, leaving the dead unburied. It was worth reflecting, however, that no matter how grim pre-Thatcher Britain seemed, the annual per capita income of the average Briton was $5,976, nearly 40 times that of the $155 in China.

4  How the landscape has changed in 40 years. If we are still talking of the UK, it has managed to maintain its lead in terms of per capita income. But it is now only four times greater, and its overall economy is much smaller.

5  In this time China has advanced to being the world’s second-largest economy, almost five times bigger than that of the UK, which now vies for fifth place with France. By 2030, according to a recent report by HSBC, China is likely to overtake the US as the world’s largest economy, a position it last held in 1820. In the process some 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty, the biggest number in the shortest time in human history.

6  China’s rise has also transformed the global economy in many ways. At first, it was the “Made in China” revolution which saw China become the manufacturing workshop of the world. This transformed global supply chains, with many major Western companies switching production to China.

7  Many people were not aware of what wa s happening at first. I first began to notice it visiting do-it-yourself stores at the turn of the century. You would see quite a sophisticated-looking product and think it was £20 when it was actually only £5. One of the effects therefore was to slow global inflation.

8  China becoming the new hub of the global economy created a huge amount of wealth in China itself. And what we are seeing now is China moving from being the workshop to be the biggest retail market in the world.

9  The rise of the Chinese middle class will be — if it is not already — one of the biggest global mega trends of the next few decades with the Chinese consuming public set to become double the total population of the United States.

10  All this stems directly or indirectly from 1978. The year, however, is not so deeply etched in Western consciousness as it perhaps should be.

11  Martin Jacques, the journalist and academic, was unequivocal about the importance of reform and opening-up when he spoke at China Daily’s Vision China event in London in September.

12  “China’s reform and opening-up initiated in 1978 was one of the most important events in the 20th century,” he said. “It not only led to the transformation of China, but the beginning of the transformation of the world. No one could have imagined where China would be 40 years later,” he added.

13  My own involvement with China has moved on since my school days when it seemed a very distant and remote place. I first began reporting on China-related issues on a series of assignments to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the 1990s. I was interested then in how the banking and financial sector was to be affected by its return to China.

14  I recall a conversation I had then with a senior executive in the life insurance sector who said I should go and see what was happening in Shanghai. He was, of course, referring to the development of Pudong on the east bank of the Huangpu River, which was seemingly being transformed overnight from farmland into something resembling Manhattan. This was the period when reform and opening-up really accelerated after Deng’s famous Southern Tour in 1992 when he said “to get rich is glorious”.

15  I made my first visit to Shenzhen and Guangzhou in 1997, both destinations on Deng’s tour, which were then becoming a hive of activity, although nowhere near the futuristic 21st century cities they resemble today.

16  When I first arrived permanently after the Beijing Olympics and, more pertinently perhaps, the global financial crisis, the big question was how China’s transformation over what was then 30 years would survive much darker economic times.

17  In fact, there is little doubt that China has fared much better than the West in the aftermath of the crisis. People’s incomes have considerably risen in China and there is a dynamism on the streets of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and many other Chinese cities that you just do not see in the West.

18  For China, the big question that follows the success of reform and opening-up is what next?

19  Chinese President Xi Jinping reaffirmed China’s commitment to further reform and opening-up at the Boao Forum in Hainan in April this year. He announced a number of measures to open up new sectors of the economy to greater foreign investment, including automobiles and insurance.

20  “Over the last four decades, the Chinese people have embraced the world with open arms and actively contributed our share to the world,” he said. “Today, the Chinese people can say with great pride that reform and opening-up, China’s second revolution if you like, has not only profoundly changed the country but also greatly influenced the whole world.”

21  It has, indeed, been an incredible journey. The challenges to come will be the opening up of China’s capital markets and also making the Chinese yuan fully convertible, without destabilizing the China economy.

22  The goal China has now set itself is to become a global technology leader by 2035, deploying initiatives such as Made in China 2025. It may be that China and not the US is the leader of the Fourth Industrial Revolution with its focus now on artificial intelligence and other new technologies.

23  One of the remarkable aspects of reform and opening-up is that China has achieved all this without compromising its government system. Xi’s report speech to the 19th CPC National Congress last year was definitely a reaffirmation of the socialist system of government.

24  Forty years on from Deng’s great initiative, China has more than awoken from its slumber and is moving to center stage once more.

巨人苏醒，欣欣向荣

安德鲁·穆迪

1 记得20世纪70年代后期，我在英格兰中北部地区的文法学校图书馆和一些同学讨论中国的崛起。讨论的缘由或许是因为读了《经济学人》杂志上的一篇文章，那时邓小平已经开始实施改革开放的政策。

2 难道这个当时拥有大约10亿人口的国家——拿破仑名言中的“沉睡巨人”——终于要苏醒了？然而，同时还有另一种感觉，那就是世界等待这么久了，中国复苏实际上永远也不会发生了。

3 1978年12月中国共产党十一届三中全会启动改革开放时，英国自身正处于所谓的“不满之冬”之中，当时整个国家似乎都在罢工，包括掘墓者，致使死者无法安葬。但是，值得深思的是，无论撒切尔之前的英国境况看起来多么糟糕，英国普通人的年均收入仍为5976美元，几乎是中国人均年收入155美元的40倍。

4 40年中，世事变迁，已是今非昔比。如果我们现在还来谈论英国，英国在人均收入方面总算保住了领先的地位，但是，现在只比中国多4倍，而它的整体经济规模相比中国要小多了。

5 在此期间，中国已发展成为世界第二大经济体，经济总量几乎比英国多5倍，英国目前只可与法国相比，看谁是第五大经济体了。根据汇丰银行最近的一份报告，到2030年，中国有可能超越美国，成为世界上最大的经济体，重获其在1820年在世界上的地位。在此过程中，约有8亿人摆脱了贫困，这是人类历史上用时最短脱贫人数最多的一例。

6 中国的崛起也在许多方面改变了全球经济。首先，正是“中国制造”革命使中国成为世界制造业车间。这改变了全球供应链，许多西方大公司纷纷将生产转移到中国。

7 很多人一开始都不知道发生了什么。我第一次注意到是在世纪之交逛出售自助工具商店的时候。一个看起来相当复杂的产品，估计要卖20英镑，但实际上只要5英镑。由此产生的影响之一是减缓了全球通货膨胀。

8 中国成为全球经济的新中心，在中国国内创造了巨大的财富。而且我们现在看到的是，中国正从一个制造车间变成全球最大的零售市场。

9 中国中产阶级的崛起——如果说还没有崛起的话——将是未来几十年全球最大的超级大趋势之一，中国的消费大众将是美国总人口的两倍。

10 所有这些都直接或间接地源于1978年。然而，这一年在西方人意识中留下的印记或许并不像它本来应有的那样深刻。

11 记者兼学者马丁·雅克今年9月在伦敦举行的《中国日报》“新时代大讲堂”活动上发表讲话时，明确地谈到了改革开放的重要性。

12 他说：“1978年发起的中国改革开放是20世纪最重要的事件之一。”他还说，“改革开放不仅改变了中国，而且也开始改变世界。当时谁都想象不到40年后的中国会发展到什么程度。”

13 从我上学时起，我自己与中国已有不少的交集。当初中国似乎是一个非常遥远和偏僻的地方。从20世纪90年代开始，我不断地被派往香港特别行政区，报道跟中国有关的新闻。那时，我关心的是香港回归中国对银行业和金融业会产生什么样的影响。

14 我记得当时和一位人寿保险行业的高管交谈，他说我应该去看看上海发生了什么。当然，他指的是黄浦江东岸浦东的开发，浦东似乎一夜之间从农田变成了类似于曼哈顿的城区。这是邓小平1992年著名的南巡后改革开放真正加快的时期，他说“致富光荣”。

15 1997年我第一次访问深圳和广州，这两个城市都是邓小平南巡的目的地，当时正呈现着一片繁忙的景象，尽管离如今21世纪未来主义风格的城市风貌还相距甚远。

16 在北京奥运会之后，或许更适切地说，在全球金融危机之后，当我第一次常驻中国时，最大的疑问是中国过去30年的转型将如何度过比此前糟糕得多的经济时期？

17 事实上，在应对危机后果的过程中，中国的表现毫无疑问大大好于西方。在中国，人们的收入已大幅提高，北京、上海、广州、深圳还有许多其他中国城市的街道上都充满了你在西方根本看不到的活力。

18 对于中国而言，改革开放成功之后的大问题是下一步怎么走？

19 中国国家主席习近平在今年（2018年）4月海南举行的博鳌论坛上重申了中国进一步改革开放的承诺。他宣布了一系列措施，开放新的经济领域吸引更多的外国投资，包括汽车和保险业。

20 他说：“40年来，中国人民始终敞开胸襟、拥抱世界，积极作出了中国贡献。”“今天，中国人民完全可以自豪地说，改革开放这场中国的第二次革命，不仅深刻改变了中国，也深刻影响了世界！”

21 这的确是一次令人难以置信的旅程。未来的挑战将是中国资本市场的开放，同时在保持中国经济稳定的情况下使人民币可完全自由兑换。

22 中国目前设定的目标是，到2035年成为全球技术领导者，部署诸如“中国制造2025”之类的计划。中国现在重点发展人工智能和其他新技术，第四次工业革命的领导者有可能是中国而不是美国。

23 改革开放的一个显著特点是，中国在保持现有的政治体制的前提下实现了所有这些目标。去年（2017），在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会的工作报告中，习近平主席再次肯定了社会主义政治体制。

24 40年前，邓小平提出了伟大倡议，今天，中国不仅从沉睡中醒来，而且再一次向舞台中心行进。